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Cognitive Dissonance: the state of having inconsistent thoughts, beliefs, or attitudes, especially as relating to behavioral decisions and attitude change.

--> Developed in the 1950s by American psychologist Leon Festinger

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Positivism:a philosophical system that holds that every rationally justifiable assertion can be scientifically verified or is capable of logical or mathematical proof, and that therefore rejects metaphysics and theism.
A theory that laws are to be understood as social rules.
Information derived from sensory experience, interpreted through reason and logic, forms the exclusive source of all certain knowledge

Founded by philosopher Auguste Comte

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Anthony Giddens
Sociologist, known for his theory of structuration and holistic view of modern societies
Giddens Structural Theory: structures that humans find themselves in are determined for them, and volunteerism, that suggests that humans are completely free to create their lived environment

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Gilles Deleuze
French philosopher, wrote on philosophy, literature, film, and fine art
Wrote two volumes on Capitalism and Schizophrenia: Anti-Oedipus and A Thousand Plateaus

Deleuzian Theory: concepts are not identity conditions or proposition, but metaphysical constructions that define a range of thinking

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Brenda Laurel
Video game designer and researcher
Advocate for diversity and inclusiveness in video games, pioneer in developing virtual reality

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Luce Irigaray - Sharing the World
Looks at the concept of otherness - otherness is subjected to the same values by which we are ourselves defined, making us remain in sameness
The difference between sexes, shows aspects of human subjectivity, and the effects from increasing technology and techniques

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Self reflection
Meditation or serious thought about one’s character, actions and motives
Earliest historical records demonstrate the intensity that humanity has had in itself

Participative observation
A qualitative research method in which the researcher studies a group not only by observing, but also by participating in the activities of the group
Typically used in qualitative research and ethnography

Symbolic interaction
Sociological theory that develops from practical considerations
Alludes to people’s particular ulitization of dialect to make images and normal implications, for deduction and correspondence with other
Auto-ethnography
Form of qualitative research
Author uses self-reflection and writing to explore anecdotal and personal experience and connect autobiography story to wider cultural, political, and social meanings and understandings

Dichotomous thinking
All or Nothing thinking
Tendency to evaluate one’s personal qualities in extreme, black or white categories
Contributes to interpersonal problems and to emotional and behavioral instability

Structures and structuring
Structure is a cohesive whole built up of distinct parts while structuring is structure; organization

Interpretation
The action of explaning the meaning of something

Sharing thoughts and mental processes
Mental function
What an individual can do with their mind - perception, memory, etc
The science of behavior and mental processes - psychology

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Zygmunt Bauman
Sociologist and philosopher
Observed modernity and the mind behind the concept of liquid society - current conditions of our world in which insecurity, uncertainty, and individualism are dominant players
Explored fluid identity in modern world - Holocaust, consumerism and globalization

Liquid modernity
Also known as late modernity
Characterization of today’s highly developed global societies as the continuation (or development) of modernity rather than as an element of the succeeding era known as postmodernity, or the post modern
Book by Bauman argues how the change in modernity has brought change to all aspects of the human condition